Ⅲ、Services
Provided by Urban and Rural Planning Office
1.Spatial Planning
In regard to spatial
planning system in Taiwan, please refer to the appendix attached behind. URPO is
responsible for planning operations of the National Comprehensive Development
Plan, regional plans, urban plans and the Coastal Area Environment Protection
Plan as follows：
(1)
The National Comprehensive Development Plan
a.
Nature of Planning
The National
Comprehensive Development Plan is a goal-oriented policy in nature and
indicative long-term comprehensive development plan. It dictates the nation's
population, industries and important public facilities' development. Also
included in the working list is the pre-planning of the nation's lands and
nature resources distribution.
b.
Contents of the plan
The National
Comprehensive Development Plan mainly covers the following items:
●National
land comprehensive development goal and policies
●The
planning area and planning term
●National
land spatial development structure and natural resource
planning
●The
fundamental policy of land use
●The
principles about the appointment of restricted development areas and the release
of farm lands
●The
concept of metropolitan areas construction and development
●The
principles of development policies of special municipalities, counties and
cities
●The
gross development volume of special municipalities counties and cities
●The
development concept of respective sector plans
●Other
issues related to the plan
c.
Planning area
The Planning area
covers Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, with a total land of 36,000 square
kilometers.
Map
1 : Vision of National Land
Development
Map
2: National Spatial Development Structure
Map 3: Three Metropolitan Belts
Diagram
3 : Flow Chart of National Comprehensive Planning
(2)Regional
planning
Regional planning
refers to regional development plan which is based on the mutual dependence of
geography, population, natural resources and economic activities as well as
common interests. It follows the policy instructions of The National
Comprehensive Development Plan in actual planning works. Basically, they include
the planning of utilization and conservation of land and natural resources and
the distribution of population and industries and public works. Then, in turn,
it gives instructions to urban and non-urban land use planning. Currently,
Taiwan is divided into four regions. They are the Northern, Central, Southern
and Eastern Regions.
Map
4:The Regional Planning Areas
a.
The planning sphere and land area of each region :
(a)The
Northern Region: It includes the city of Taipei, Keelung, Hsinchu and the county
of Taipei,Taoyuan Hsinchu and Ilan, Totally three cities and Four counties, with
an area of 7, 353.4sq.kilometers.
(b)The
Central Region: It includes the city of Taichung and the county of Miaolie,
Taichung, Changwha, Nantou and Yuenlin, totally one city and five counties, with
an area of 10,506.8 sq.kilometers.
(c)The
Southern Region: It includes the city of Kaohsiung, Tainan, Chiayi and the
county of Kaohsiung , Tainan, Chiayi, Pingtong, totally three cities and four
counties, with an area of 10,002.1 sq.kilometers.
(d)The Eastern
region: It includes the county of Hualien and Taitung, totally two counties，with
an area of 8,143.8 sq.kilometers.
b.Contents
of the Regional Plan
(a) planning area
(b)
natural environment
(c)
history of development
(d)
regional functions
(e)
projection of population，economic
growth, land use , transportation demand and resources development.
(f)
planning goals
(g)
city and country development models
(h)
development and conservation of natural resources
(i)
land use plan and zoning control
(j)
regional industrial development plan
(k)
regional transportation system plan
(l)
regional public facilities plan
(m)
regional tourism and recreational plan
(n)
regional environment protection facilities plan
(o)
sequence of physical facilities development
(P)
enforcement organization
(q) others
c.
Flow of Planning
(3)Urban
planning
Presently, there are
446 urban planning areas in Taiwan, totally four hundred thousands hectares. The
URPO engages in drafting, revision and overall review of urban plans authorized
by the Ministry of Interior. Besides The URPO also helps local governments to
engage in drafting of new plans, enlargement of the original plan and specific
revision of individual urban plan so that urban planning may keep pace with
social and economic changes and the demands of physical developments.
Since
1969, The URPO
assisted various cities, townships and hsiangs offices to draw up new urban
plans during the period of 1970 to 1976. .From1977 to 1983,The URPO
helped them to carry out overall review of urban plans based on the urban
planning laws. Since 1984 up to the present time, The URPO
have
engaged in refinement of urban planning maps, overall review of old plans,
drawing of new plans and enlargement of some old urban plans. At the same time,
following policy guidance of the Central Government, The URPO
also promoted the planning of Taoyuan Aero-City, High-speed Railway Station
Specific District Plan as well as new town planning of Danhai and Taichung
Harbor.
a.
Contents of Urban Plan
The urban plan in
Taiwan is divided into master plan and detailed plan in accordance with the
planning hierarchy.
Their respective contents are as follows:
(a)
Master plan
The master plan is an
instructive plan designed for the physical development of an urban area. It is
comprehensive, general, long-term and overall in nature. It contains the
following items:
(1)
The investigation and analysis of the area's natural, social and economic
conditions.
(2)
The administrative jurisdiction and planning area.
(3)
growth, distribution and composition as well as the projection of population and
economic development in prospect.
(4)
The allocation of residential, commercial, industrial and other land uses.
(5)
Tourism spot, historical relics and other building with memorial and artistic
value.
(6)
The main roads and other public transportation system.
(7)
Major water supply and sewerage system.
(8)
Public facilities including school, large scale park, whole sale market and
other items used for the whole planning area.
(9)
Schedule of enforcement and expenses.
(10)
Other items which should be presented.
The report of the
master plan should be described with words and tables. Besides, it should be
attached with the main planning map. The scale of the plan
should be no less than one to ten thousands (1/10,000) and the
enforcement schedule should be five years for each term, no more than 25 years
utmost
(b)
Detailed Plan
The
detailed plan is a more detailed physical plan for a specific area within the
jurisdiction of the master plan. It follows instructions of the master plan and
engage in more detailed planning. It is feasible, concrete, short to medium term
and partial in nature. According to article 22 of the Urban Planning Law, a
detailed plan consists of the following items:
(1)
The Planning area
(2)
The density of dwelling and affordable population
(3)
The land use zoning control.
(4)
The enterprise and financial plan
(5)
The road system
(6)
Local public facilities
(7)
Others
The scale of detailed plan should not be less
than one to twelve hundreds (1/1200).
b.
Flow of Planning
Diagram 5 : Flow Chart of Urban
Planning
(
including master plan and detailed plan )
(4)
Taiwan Coastal Area Natural Environment Protection Plan
Taiwan
is surrounded by sea. The coastal area abounds in biological and scenic
resources. For reason of planning and managing various coastal resources and
protecting the precious resources so as to achieve the sustainable utilization
of the resources, the Executive Yuan drafted up "The Taiwan Coastal Area
Natural Environment Protection Plan" in 1984 and 1987 respectively It
designated twelve protection areas which consist of the river mouth of Danshu,
Changwha-Yuenlin, Chiayi Coastal areas and coastal areas of Kenting, Hualien and
Taitung, Suehua, Lanyan North-east coastal areas, North coastal areas, Peimen,
Jansan, Jupong and Howmeineau etc. The plan was promulgated in the next year.
Since 2001, The URPO engaged in overall reviewing of the plan and expect to
complete the job in 2004.
The surveying section
of the URPO is responsible for assisting city and county governments in carrying
out topographic surveying for use of urban planning. The URPO also handles
issues arising from urban plan's piling and related petitions from the public.
At the early stage, the topographic surveying was carried out in scale of one to
three thousands (1/3000) to meet the need of the master plan. Since 1995, the
scale
has been changed to one to one thousand (1/1000), mainly for
usage of the urban detailed plan and major development planning needs of the
central and provincial governments.
In compliance with the
promotion of the National Land Information System, the URPO engages in studying
of the digitized topographic surveying. Since 1995, The URPO has carried out
whole scale digitized surveying. The use of computerized drawing has greatly
increased the quality and precision of surveying. Since 1998, the URPO further
made use of G.P.S(Global Positioning System) in the coordinates control of urban
planning maps plane surveying.
This helps achieve the
goal of fastness and precision in topographic surveying. So far, the URPO has
accomplished 46 digitized surveying for the use of urban planning, totalling one
hundred and seventy square kilometers (170sq.km.).
The planning report and map form the basis for
urban construction, and also the basic data for building management. Therefore,
They must be clear, precise and fine so as to maintain their quality and certain
level of standard. For that purpose, the URPO sets up the section of Printing
and Management of Planning Reports and Maps. In recent years, due to fast
development of the computer hardware and software, the URPO has almost totally
computerized the printing and management of planning reports and maps.
In order to catch up the modern trends, the URPO
has made enormous efforts to the computerization of its services. The Planning
and Information Center was thus established in 1995 to supervise the overall
works of computerization.
(1) Computer
Equipment
•Hardware
Server,
personal computer, printer, plotter, scanner, digitizer, notebook, projector,
digitizing camera.
•Software
Microsoft
Windows、Microsoft
Office、Auto
CAD Map、Auto
CAD、MapInfo、
Arc/View、Adobe
Photoshop
and net management software.
(2) Application
Programs (AP)
So far, the following AP have been set up.
•The
Computer-aided System for Draft of Total Floor
Area Ratio.
•Demonstration
operation in regard to the methods of digitizing urban planning maps and reports
and establishment of data bank.
•The
Urban and Rural Planning Management and Information System.
•The
Urban Design Simulation System for Urban Planning in Taiwan Province.
•The
Urban Planning Reports Abstract Inquiry System.
(3) The Network
Establishment
•Establishment
of the local area network (LAN) for the headquarters and the outside branch
offices.
•Completion
of the private line network, web-server, mail-server, firewall installations and
the internet and intranet infrastructure establishment.
(4) The Data-base
System Establishment Plan
•Completing
establishment of data base of 423 urban planning reports and more than 300
district sketch maps for purpose of planning and public inquiry.
•Engaging
in digitizing and filing of urban planning zoning maps.
•Engaging
in digitizing and filing of urban planning topographic maps.
•Engaging
in filing and management of the Agency's studying reports.
Ⅳ、Directions
of Future Development
1.
Promoting all-out new century national land development so as to
establish Green Silicon Island
In Company with the enactment of" the National Comprehensive Law", we
shall promote all-out new century national land planning. Based on the policy of
establishing Taiwan into a Green Silicon Island, we shall make
efforts for reasonable conservation , planning and utilization through
green production, high quality of life and sustainable ecology, orderly and
pluralistic spatial development structure. Through such efforts, we are able to
maintain balanced ecological environment, create comfortable living environment
, provide efficient production environment and implement national land
sustainable development
2.Engaging
in all-out regional development review ,improve regional land conversation
utilization and management
In order to engage in all-out overall review of the four regional plans,
we should not only take into consideration of regional development issues, but
also refer to the idea of the "the National Comprehensive Development Laws"
and policies related to the Green Silicon Island. It carries out all-out overall
review to improve regional land conservation, utilization, and management.
3.
Engaging in coastal area comprehensive planning and efficient management of
coastal area development and coservation
Engaging in coastal area comprehensive planning and efficient management
of conservation and development of coastal land to prevent environmental
disaster in coastal areas. Along with the "Program of Promoting Biological
Versatility", engaging in all-out overall review of "the Taiwan Coastal area
Natural Environment Protection Plan" so as to carry out efficient Planning
management and protection of coastal resources and improve coastal land
management and national land safety.
4.
Assisting the drafting of county and city comprehensive development plans
Because the county and city comprehensive development plan will play an
more and more important role in guiding and administering county and city
spatial development, URPO has been drafting the planning manual for such plan,
which will be used as reference in actual planning works. Further- more, URPO
will make use of her abundant planning manpower, advanced techniques and
equipment to help local governments to accomplish various county and city
comprehensive plans.
5.Promoting spatial digital
planning
URPO is the forerunner of digital planning in Taiwan.
We have abundant digital planning experience and are equipped with abundant
computer hardware and software. With the help of GIS techniques, URPO will
continue to study digital planning techniques and help to establish planning
related data-base so that digital planning operation will become more and more
mature and common-place in Taiwan
6.Upgrading
the techniques and management of producing planning maps and reports.
•Exhibiting
planning reports and sketch maps in colored form.
•In
accordance with digitized surveying, conceive new way of operation. All planning
reports and maps will be printed out through computer and reports edited in new
form so as to raise the operation quality.
•Establishing
the URPO's reports and maps information system.
•Producing
colored reference planning maps for those plans which have been promulgated.
•Printing
out information about urban planning in time.
7.All-out
computerization of services.
•Continuing
the establishment of databank for digitized urban planning information. Other
than continuation of production of the digitized urban planning. zoning maps,
the Agency will prepare annual budget to strengthen the preparation of digitized
topographic maps so as to set up foundation for digitized planning.
•Developing
computer-aided regional planning application program so as to raise the quality
of regional planning.
•In
compliance with Geographic Information System (GIS), strengthening the
integration and utilization of data so as to achieve the goal of data-sharing
and integrated analysis.
•Developing
"the Government Document Management System (GDMS)", so that general
administrative tasks may also be carried out in computerized way.
Ⅴ、Further
Information
Urban and Rural Planning Office, Construction
and Panning Agency, Ministry of the Interior
No.342, Sec.2, Pa-The Road, Taipei, 105, Taiwan
Tel: 886-2-27810848
Fax: 886-27712488
E-mail: chang@tcdms.tcd.gov.tw
Website: http://www.tcd.gov.tw/
Appendix
Ⅰ、The Spatial
Planning System in Taiwan
Regarding the existing spatial planning system
in Taiwan, at the top of the planning hierarchy, there is the National
Comprehensive Development Plan; it is at the same level with the nation's
economic, social and defense plans of upper level in nature. It is a goal
oriented, instructive and policy in nature national comprehensive development
scheme. For the middle level, there are regional plans, national park plans and
sector long-term development plans.
At
the city and county level, there are city and county comprehensive development
plans, At the bottom level, there are urban plans, non-urban land use plan and
unique physical development plans. The planning hierarchy is illustrated as the
following diagram. Except for comprehensive and sector plans, which are guidance
plans, rest of them are legal plans.
Diagram
6: The Existing Spatial Planning System in Taiwan
The National
Comprehensive Development Plan refers to the spatial planning prepared for the
whole Taiwan area, including Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu. It keeps pace
with the social and economic development of the country and make proper
management for population, industries and public facilities through the
establishment of natural environment management system and the orientation of
sector plans such as transportation and communication, industry, residence,
environment protection, tourism and recreation plans. It also makes advanced
planning for land, water and natural resources. Therefore, the comprehensive
plan is an objective oriented, policy in nature and long-term structure plan for
guiding the national physical development and remain the high level of the
national land planning hierarchy.
Sector development
plan refers to the very important economic development plans which are drafted
by the purpose oriented authorities under the guidance of the national economic,
social and related physical planning policies. These plans are nation-wide and
regional in natural or made for specific development
purposes. Included in this category are such plans as the
Hsinchu Technological Park Development Plan. The Taipei Metropolitan Area Mass
Transit Plan or High-Speed Train Development Plan.
Regional plan refers
to the regional development plan prepared on the basis of interdependence and
mutual beneficial relationship of geography, population, natural resources and
economic activities. It accepts the policy guidance of the National
Comprehensive Development Plan, handed down from the top and makes planning for
the conservation and utilization of lands and natural resources and distribution
of population and industries as well as construction of public
works. On the other hand, it gives guidance to urban
planning and non-urban land uses down below. At present time, Taiwan is divided
into four regions, which are the north, central, south and east regions
respectively. (see Map 4)
4. National Park
Plan
In order to protect the country's unique natural scenery,
wild creatures and historical spots and provide citizens with recreational and
sports ground, the related authorities may allocate certain lands and designate
them as natural parks and draft national park plans for them in accordance with
" the National Park Law". Presently, there exist the Yangminshan, Yushan,
Hsuepa, Kenting, Taroko and Kinmen national parks, with a total of six. The land
development and its management within the national park follow the regulations
of "the National Park Law".
The
enforcement system of the existing regional plan does not match with the
administrative jurisdiction and their contents tend to
compromise too much to the existing situation and lack of
comprehensiveness and foresight. This inherent nature makes it difficult for
them to be implemented. Therefore, the comprehensive county (city) plan with the
whole county (city) as planning area is drafted to remedy these kinds of
defects. The comprehensive county (city) development plan integrate all the
physical and non-physical, short or long-term plans within their respective
jurisdictions. They combine all the top and low level plans of various
government departments and related enterprise organizations. Through continuous
negotiations and communications, the final comprehensive development plan
becomes the short and long-term integrated development blue print of the whole
county (city).
According
to explanations of "The Urban Planning Law", urban plan refers to the
planned development of urban related important economic, transportation,
sanitation, safety, national defense, cultural and recreational facilities and
reasonable planning of land uses within certain areas. It follows the
instructions of the National Comprehensive Development Plan, regional plan and
the comprehensive county (city) development plan and make plans for population,
land use, public facilities, transportation system, urban design, urban disaster
prevention, financial and land use zoning control within an urban planning area.
It will be used as the basis for urban construction. Up to the end of year 2000,
446 urban plans have been proclaimed and enforced.
7. Non-Urban Land
Use Plan
Presently, land use
control in Taiwan is divided into two separate systems, which may be called
urban land use control and non-urban land use control separately. The urban land
is controlled by "The Urban Planning Law", while non-urban land is
controlled by "The Regional Planning Law", which further classify non-urban
land into ten land use districts. The ten land use districts of non-urban land
are respectively: special agriculture district, general agriculture district,
industrial district, village district, forest district, slope area district,
scenic district, national park district, river district, and other use district
or specific use district, totally ten use districts all together. Lands within
districts are further classified into eighteen kinds of use land in accordance
with nature of use. They include building (further divided into A, B, C, D four
kinds), farm and pasturage, forestry, cultivations, salt industry, mining
industry, transportation, kiln industry, water conservancy, recreation,
historical spot preservation, ecological protection, national conservancy, grave
yard, and special purpose enterprise. All of them except for national park,
which is controlled by "The National Park Law", are controlled in accordance
with "Regulations for Non-urban Land use Control".
8. Capital
Improvement Program
It refers to the
medium to long-term plans drafted by different purpose oriented functional
departments according to the National Comprehensive Development Plan or county
(city) development plans.
|
Level
|
Name
of Plan
|
Legal
basis
|
Planning
Area
|
Nature
of Plan
|
|
Nation-wide
|
The National
Comprehensive
Development Plan
|
|
Whole nation
|
The
planning area cover thewhole Taiwan area (includingTaiwan, Penghu
,Kinmen and Matsu). Theplanning contents shows thatit is an objective,
instructiveand policy orientedplan and remains the toplevel plan within
the planningsystem. |
|
Nation-wide or regional
|
Sector development plan
|
|
Whole nation
|
They
are important economic development plans drafted by various functional
authorities for nation-wide, regional or specific needs under the
guidance of national economic policy social, cultural and other related
physical planning. The Hsinchu Technological park development plan and
the Taipei Metropolitan Mass Transit plan are examples of this kind of
plan.
|
|
Regional
|
Regional plan
|
The Regional Planning Law
|
Region
|
It
is the kind of plan which is drafted on basis of the mutual dependence
and common interests of geography, population and economic activities
from the top. It follows the policy ideas of the national comprehensive
development plan and engage in the planning of conservation and
utilization of the land and natural resource as well as distribution of
population, industry and public works construction. To the bottom, it
provides instructions for urban planning and use of non-urban land.
|
|
Regional
|
National
park plan
|
The National Park law
|
National park
|
In
order to protect the country's sparse national landscape, wild
creatures and historical relies and make them available for citizen
recreational and studying purposes, we chose adopted areas to draft
national park plans as the basis for management and development lands
within national park.
|
|
Local
|
County
(city) comprehensive development plan
|
|
Special municipality,
county (city)
|
The
county (city) comprehensive development plan is a comprehensive plan
which integrate all the physical and non-physical, long-term or
short-term plan within the county's (city's) jurisdiction and
combine all the top and low level plans of various government
departments and related functional originations. The comprehensive plan
serves as the long-term and short-team integrated blue print of the
whole county (city).
|
|
Local
|
Urban plan
|
The
Urban Planning Law
|
Urban planning area of
the direct municipality county (city)
|
It
follows instructions of the national comprehensive development plan,
regional plan and the county(city) comprehensive development plan and
make plan for population, land use, public facilities, transportation
system, urban design, urban disaster prevention financial plan and
land use zoning control as basis for government to engage in urban
development and management.
|
